无法开机问题
ubuntu 服务器运行过程中突然无法访问其中一块儿硬盘，重启后无法开机，有如下提示
/dev/sda3:recovering iournal6469469124895299 blocks
/dev/sda3:clean,269463/31227904 files
You are in emergency mode
排查过程
将无法访问的硬盘从服务器抽出，重启后仍然无法开机，提示上述错误
问题原因
故障盘移除后, /etc/fstab 文件需要重新配置，否则无法开机
解决步骤
- 在报错提示界面按下回车键
- vim /etc/fstab 注释掉所有外部挂载的盘
- 重启设备
- sudo lsblk -o NAME,UUID,TYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT
- sudo vim /etc/fstab
$ lsblk -o NAME,UUID,TYPE,SIZE,MOUNTPOINT
NAME UUID TYPE SIZE MOUNTPOINT
sda d35af772-7249-4d0e-a748-642ecae10a67 disk 447.1G
sdb disk 476.9G
├─sdb1 part 977K
├─sdb2 3629-766D part 513.1M /boot/efi
└─sdb3 21a2803a-1a5b-4a58-9f0e-3810ef67291c part 476.4G /
sdc 97f3001d-2931-4f34-a150-816eccff241e disk 223.6G
└─sdc1 part 223.6G
sdd fe2b7078-748a-4447-afff-f1f16b5505bb disk 223.6G
└─sdd1 part 223.6G
sde bf9c8a83-ea88-4a3f-9cf6-843581451c40 disk 476.9G
sdf 38c88796-ed55-4649-af59-fc7a8457e528 disk 894.3G
sdg 1ffd3437-cb37-4ce5-8a21-6eda8794c0e3 disk 476.9G
sdh 5ef2f6c6-f22c-4059-bbfa-70c0f34f6350 disk 894.3G
sdi 82f66504-6c42-44c4-a0dd-e68d4b5e5ea7 disk 223.6G
└─sdi1 part 223.6G
sdj 99691cdc-3096-46b0-a385-1b80e18f08dd disk 223.6G
└─sdj1 part 223.6G
vim /etc/fstab
UUID=d35af772-7249-4d0e-a748-642ecae10a67 /home/sy/code/sda ext4 defaults 0 0
UUID=97f3001d-2931-4f34-a150-816eccff241e /home/sy/code/sdc ext4 defaults 0 0
UUID=fe2b7078-748a-4447-afff-f1f16b5505bb /home/sy/code/sdd ext4 defaults 0 0
UUID=bf9c8a83-ea88-4a3f-9cf6-843581451c40 /home/sy/code/sde ext4 defaults 0 0
UUID=38c88796-ed55-4649-af59-fc7a8457e528 /home/sy/code/sdf ext4 defaults 0 0
UUID=1ffd3437-cb37-4ce5-8a21-6eda8794c0e3 /home/sy/code/sdg ext4 defaults 0 0
UUID=5ef2f6c6-f22c-4059-bbfa-70c0f34f6350 /home/sy/code/sdh ext4 defaults 0 0
UUID=82f66504-6c42-44c4-a0dd-e68d4b5e5ea7 /home/sy/code/sdi ext4 defaults 0 0
UUID=99691cdc-3096-46b0-a385-1b80e18f08dd /home/sy/code/sdj ext4 defaults 0 0
ubuntu 22.04 中文输入法卡顿问题
Ubuntu 22.04 环境下，使用 ibus-libpinyin 输入延迟严重
解决方案
rm ~/.cache/ibus/libpinyin/__db.user_pinyin_index.bin.tmp
服务器硬盘编号和dev/sdx路径之间的对应关系如何判断
方式一
sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdd 命令获取PRODUCT Revision 和 服务器开机画面的对比，确定盘编号
Firmware Revision: SCV10121
sy@sy:~$ sudo hdparm -I /dev/sdd
/dev/sdd:
ATA device, with non-removable media
Model Number: INTEL SSDSC2KB240G7
Serial Number: BTYS81950860240AGN
Firmware Revision: SCV10121
Media Serial Num:
Media Manufacturer:
Transport: Serial, ATA8-AST, SATA 1.0a, SATA II Extensions, SATA Rev 2.5, SATA Rev 2.6, SATA Rev 3.0
如何诊断硬盘是否损坏
- sudo smartctl -H /dev/sdd： 仅检查硬盘健康状态，快速确认硬盘是否有问题。
- sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdd： 查看完整的 SMART 数据，包括硬盘的健康状态、详细属性、错误日志等，适用于更深入的硬盘状态分析。
损坏
sy@sy:~$ sudo smartctl -H /dev/sdd
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-6.8.0-52-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: FAILED!
Drive failure expected in less than 24 hours. SAVE ALL DATA.
No failed Attributes found.
正常
sy@sy:~$ sudo smartctl -H /dev/sdc
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-6.8.0-52-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED
新硬盘挂载
判断是否是新硬盘
方式一： 查看通电情况
sudo smartctl -a /dev/sdd
Power_On_Hours（累计通电时间）
Power_Cycle_Count（通电次数）
方式二： 检查磁盘的 SMART 自检日志
sudo smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdd
$ sudo smartctl -l selftest /dev/sdd
smartctl 7.2 2020-12-30 r5155 [x86_64-linux-6.8.0-52-generic] (local build)
Copyright (C) 2002-20, Bruce Allen, Christian Franke, www.smartmontools.org
=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
No self-tests have been logged. [To run self-tests, use: smartctl -t]
格式化
sudo mkfs.ext4 /dev/sdd
默认挂载
sy@sy:~$ sudo blkid /dev/sdd
/dev/sdd: UUID="70ca94bd-9bcd-48a6-bcfb-397bc1abd499" BLOCK_SIZE="4096" TYPE="ext4"
sudo nano /etc/fstab
UUID=70ca94bd-9bcd-48a6-bcfb-397bc1abd499 /home/sy/code/sdd ext4 defaults 0 0
